BasicPhysiology.org

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Contents of BasicPhysiology

A.1.1. What is Physiology?
This simple website teaches the basic principles of (human) physiology, and, it is free for all!
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 A.1. Basic Physiology:

A.1.1. What is Physiology?

A.1.2. Physiological Concepts

A.2. The Cell:

A.2.1. Structure of the cell

A.2.2. The Plasma Membrane

A.2.3. Passive Transport Systems

A.2.4. Active Transport Systems

A.2.5. Mitosis and Meiosis

 A.3.The Nerve Cell:

A.3.1. The Nerve Cell

A.3.2. The Resting Potential

A.3.3. The Action Potential

A.3.4. Action Potential Propagation

A.3.5. Saltatory Propagation

A.3.6. The Electrical Synaps

A.3.7. The Chemical Synaps

A.4. The Muscle Cell:

A.4.1. The Muscle Cell

A.4.2. The Motor End Plate

A.4.3. The Sarcomere

A.4.4. Twitch and Tetanus

A.4.5. Types of Skeletal Muscle Contractions

A.4.6. Motor Units

A.4.7. The Cardiac Muscle

A.4.8. The Smooth Muscle

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B. Introduction:

B.1. Introduction to the CVS

B.2. Structure of the Heart

B.3. The Electrical Heart:

B.3.1. The Cardiac Conduction System

B.3.2. Cardiac Excitation

B.3.3. Basic Stuff about the ECG

B.3.4. The Electrocardiogram

B.3.5. The 12-leads ECG

B.4. The Contracting Heart:

B.4.1. The Contracting Heart

B.4.2. The Cardiac Systole

B.4.3. The Cardiac Diastole

B.4.4. The Cardiac Output

B.4.5. Cardiac Sounds and Murmurs

B.5. The Vascular System:

B.5.1. The Arteries

B.5.2. The Arterioles

B.5.3. The Capillaries

B.5.4. The Veins

B.5.5. The Lymph Circulation

B.5.6. Special Circulations

B.5.7. Blood Flow

B.6. Cardiac Regulation:

B.6.1. Regulation of the Heart

B.6.2. Short Term Regulation

B.6.3. Long Term Regulation

B.7. CVS Pathophysiology:

B.7.1. Cardiac Shock

B.7.2. Hypertension

B.7.3. Cardiac Arrhythmias

B.7.4. Supraventricular Arrhythmias

B.7.5. Ventricular Arrhythmias

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C.1.-C.3. Introduction:

C.1. Introduction to the Respiratory System

C.2. Upper Respiratory Airways

C.3. Lower Respiratory Airways

C.4. The Lungs:

C.4.1. Breathing

C.4.2. The Pleura

C.4.3. Lung Volumes

C.4.4. Partial Pressures

C.4.5. The Respiratory Membrane

C.4.6. Ventilation and Perfusion

C.5. Gas Transport:

C.5.1. Oxygen Transport

C.5.2. Carbon Dioxide Transport

C.6. Regulation:

C.6. Respiratory Regulation

C.7. Pathophysiology:

C.7.1. Upper Airways Pathophysiology

C.7.2. Pulmonary Pathophysiology

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D.1. Introduction Blood

D.2. The Erythrocytes:

D.2.1. Erythrocytes

D.2.2. Erythrocytes Production

D.2.3. Erythrocytes Destruction

D.2.4. Anemia and Polycythemia

D.3. Leukocytes

D.4. Thrombocytes and Hemostasis

D.5. Coagulation System

D.6. Blood Types

D.7. Plasma

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E.1. Introduction GI system

E.2. Mouth and Nose

E.3. Esophagus

E.4. Stomach

E.5. Small Intestine

E.6. Colon

E.7. GI regulation

E.8. GI Pathophysiology

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F.1. Introduction Urinary System

F.2. The Kidney

F.3. The Nephron:

F.3.1. The Nephron

F.3.2. The Glomerulus

F.3.3. Proximal Convoluted Tubule

F.3.4. Loop Of Henle

F.3.5. Distal Convoluted Tubule

F.3.6. The Collecting Ducts

     

F.4. Ureters, Bladder and Urethra

F.5. Urinary Pathophysiology

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G.1. Introduction to the Genital System

G.2. The Male Genital System

G.3. The Female Genital System

G.4. Puberty

G.5. Fertilization

G.6. Pregnancy:

G.6.1.1. Embryo

G.6.1.2. Placenta

G.6.1.3. Somites

   

G.6.2.1. Fetal Circulation

G.6.2.2. Fetal Pulmonary System

G.6.2.3. Fetal Digestive System

G.6.2.4. Fetal Urinary System

G.6.2.5. Fetal Genital System

   

G.6.3. Parturition

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H.1. Introduction to the Nervous System

H.2.1. Anatomy of the CNS

H.2.2. Cranial Nerves

H.3. Sensory System (PDF):

H.3.1. Sensory Receptors

H.3.2. Sensory Pathways

H.3.3. Special Senses:

H.3.3.1. Vision:

H.3.3.1.a. The Eye

H.3.3.1.b. The Retina

H.3.3.1.c. The Optic Nerve

H.3.3.2. Hearing:

 H.3.3.2.a. Hearing

 H.3.3.2.b. Hearing Abnormalities

H.3.3.3-5  Equilibrium, Smell & Taste:

H.3.3.3. Equilibrium

H.3.3.4. Smell

H.3.3.5. Taste

H.4. Motor System (PDF):

H.4.1. Motor System

H.4.2. Muscle Spindle and Tendon Organ

H.4.3. Motor Reflexes

Peripheral Nervous System (PDF):

H.5. Somatic Nervous System

H.6. Autonomic Nervous System

H.7. Blood Circulation and Glymphatic System

Latest Update:

December 6, 2025

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